THE IMF AND WORLD BANK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE IMF AND WORLD BANK - Essay Example1). With such goals and objectives of civilizations best interest and financial well-being, the IMFs and World Banks humanistic visions should be at the top of the list of the most native and necessary financial institutions. It becomes somewhat anti-productive and fatalistic to envision ongoing panics against the IMF and World Banks purpose and comprehensive strategic plans. Is terrorism the eminent threat? However, appropriate checks and balances are part of strategic planning definitions and comprehensive operations.Who and what is the IMF? The IMF (known as the Fund) was created/constructed at a United Nations Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, regular army in July 1944. Forty-four representative governments (The Governances) were in attendance at this conference. The visionary goal, purpose, and function were to construct a comprehensive strategic plan a simulation for stinting cooperation that would avoid repetition of the vi cious circle of competitive devaluations that have contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s (IMF, 2012, p. 1).IMF Activities and Public Goods The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has close to 188 countries that participate in its global membership. The IMF manages the challenges and opportunities that are results of globalization and economic development concerning public goods. ... ncil (July 2, 1997), Good governance is important for countries at all stages of developmentour set out is to concentrate on aspects of good governance related to macroeconomic policies namely the transparency of government accounts, the effectiveness of public resource (public goods) management, and the stability and transparency of the economic and regulatory environment for private sector activity (IMF, 2012, p. 2). The IMFs role of governance and management of public resources or public goods during global economic crisis has been centre on restoration of growth and jobs. In doing this, the IMF has emerged as a public goods and resources management institution. The IMF is referred to an institution. By definition, institution means an organization, one dedicated to public service (Websters College Dictionary, 1996, p. 360). In Inter gull with Joseph Stiglitz (2000), by Lucy Komisar, Joseph Stiglitz member and chairman of the Presidents Council of Economic Advisors cautioned against free market shock therapy (Komisar, 2000, p. 1). In 1997, he became captain economist of the World Bank and often criticized the IMF and US economic politicspeers assumed he will win a Nobel Prize (p. 1). I utter with Stiglitz several times in April. He was generous with his time, unpretentious, and genial (p. 1). Stiglitz purposively states, The world needs an international development agency the World Bank. Theres the view that it represents a form of corporate welfare that is counter to the IMFs own ideology markets. But anybody who watched government from the inside recognizes that governments need institutions, need ways to respond to crisis (Komsisar, Stiglitz, 2000, p. 1). This is in response

Technology Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThe article entails a strategy for increasing the applications of NII engineering.The article recognizes the role of South-EastAsiaregionalOffice in offering leadership on wellness matters. Moreover, the article notes that the South-EastAsiaRegionalOffice analyzes evidence-based policy options and offers technical admit to countries and monitors health trends crossways the globe.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Health Communication and Health Information Technology. Retrieved from http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/health- dialogue-and-health-information-technology?topicid=18The article argues that health communication and health information technology play a fundamental role in health care delivery, public health, and shaping our opinion on health. The source seeks to prove that health communication strategies and health information technology can enhance population health outcomes, health equity , and health care quality.The source is important and reliable since it depicts the significance of health communication and health information technology on health sciences. The source relies on secondary sources to support its arguments.The article establishes how advancements in mobile and wireless technologies support mHealth that has the potential to transform global health care delivery. The article seeks to determine the status of mHealth in U.N member states. The article derives the advancement of mHealth and its impact on healthcare delivery.The source is important and reliable since it addresses the impact of technology in health sciences and medicine. The source relies on a survey of four aspects and fourteen categories of mHealth to derive its findings.Lasker, R., Humphreys, B., & Braithwaite, W. (2006). do a Powerful Connection The Health of the Public and the National Information Infrastructure. Retrieved from

Web Services Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Web Services - Coursework ExampleEvery operation in the TIDL interface contains extra parameters for transmission and reception of transactional data.A commit operation is either an all or a nothing affair. When a string of operations in a transaction fail to effected, a rollback must restore the system back to its pre-transaction state.To ensure rollback, a typical system logs every operation that takes role within the scope of a transaction, including the commit operation. A recovery or transaction manager uses these log records to redo or undo partly completed transactions when there is an exception scenario. When a transaction includes a number of distributed resources, for instance, a database server hosted on two different communicates, the commit process pull up stakes involve operations spanning two different systems. Here, each system will have its own log records and system manager.RPC is one of the first technologies to be utilize in the area of distributed computing . For an RPC call to be made, both the client and the server need to have stubs (client-side programs) for the remote service. The stubs are generated using Interface definition vocabulary (IDL). During an RPC, the arguments that the client sends across a network undergo marshalling and un-marshalling at the client and the server side respectively. The calls are synchronous.CORBA again is a technology used for objects to enunciate in a distributed computing. The similarity between CORBA and RPC ends here because of the difference in the way CORBA works. In addition to a server and client, CORBA applications consist of an ORB (Object indicate broker). This ORB is responsible for mapping the client and server which will perform the request initiated by the client. The ORB marshals the arguments and routes the call over a network to the target objects ORB. The ORB has many more features such as objects look

Electronic commecial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Electronic commecial law - Essay ExampleEmphasis has been given on the illegal content of websites mostly due to the expansion of the phenomenon. In fact, it has been proved, that numerous organizations, which virtual world services,1 have been unable to prevent the emergence of such(prenominal) education through the profit referring to the involvement of these organizations in the hosting or the transmission of such information.2 In practice, the above organizations cannot be held responsible for the illegal content that they host or they canalise the key term for the accustom of the above benefit is that these organizations are characterized as Internet Service Providers (ISPs).3 In case that these organizations do not meet the above requirement, they cannot ask for the exception from liability for the content they host or they transfer.4 The above issue is explored in this paper emphasis is given on the European law establishing the protection of ISPs from liability for th e information they host or they transmit reference is also make to the UK and the USA case law that has been developed in the specific field. The Directive 2000/31/EC is set under scrutiny and evaluation it is concluded that the existing European law regulating the protection of ISPs from the liability for the content they host or they transmit need to be but improved the potentials for broad interpretation of its rules has been found to be partially negative for the resolution of disputes arising in regard to the studys main issue. 2. European righteousness on the protection of Internet Service Providers from liability for content they transport or host European, UK and US case law The issue of responsibility of ISPs for the information they host/ transmit has been resulted because of the expansion of Internet both in terms of commerce, i.e. of the use of Internet for the development of commercial transaction and in terms of the characteristics of the users, i.e. of the use of Internet by people of all ages, even by children. Under these terms, the introduction of legislation referring to the creation and management of this content was quite necessary. At this point, the criteria on which the characterization of content as illegal would be based needed to be set in accordance with Kleinschmidt (2010) the content published in the Internet is usually considered as illegal when it has one of the quest forms pornography without age verification, child pornography, hate speech, or extreme violence5. At this point, it should be made clear that the participation of an ISP in the publication of illegal content can set the ISP under the risk of two different forms of liability a) liability for the remedy caused to one or more of its users because of the illegal content, b) liability for the damaged caused to a third party being offended from the illegal content in the publication of which in the Internet the specific ISP has taken part either by hosting or tr ansmitting the content involved.6 Under normal conditions, ISPs would be held liable for the following reasons a) for hosting or transmitting illegal content, b) for breaching the copyright laws in regard to the products of art (speech, song, painting and so on) the activity of the second category would be related with that of the world-class category since the material acquired by violating the copyright laws can be considered as ill

Winston Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Winston Churchill - Essay ExampleHis thoughts and writings can be considered as an authority in the fields that he excelled in. At a glance Winston Churchill is a noted statesman, a known orator and strategist, a leader in different disciplines much(prenominal) as the British Army and a gifted writer of historical literature. The main purpose of the study undertaken is to be subject to present the events in the liveliness of Winston Churchill. This includes the achievements, teachings, struggles and the lessons that he made the people learn. All the pertinent data and information that can define him as a person are captured to be able to achieve an understanding of the life that he had led and the decisions that he had made.Winston Churchill was born in the Oxformshire, England, United Kingdom on the 30th of November 1874. He is the son of an slope father, Lord Randolph Churchill and an American mother. He is of British nationality that made his contributions to the society until the 24th of January in 1965 when he died at the age of 90 at the Hyde Park, London in England. He is a descendant of the Spencer-Churchill lineage with George Spencer, the Duke of Marlborough, which is his ancestor and his father which is the son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough and also a politician. On the other hand, his mother, Jennie Jerome, the daughter of an American millionaire named Leonard Jerome. can Strange Spencer-Churchill is his only sibling (Frenz 1969). He was educated at the Harrow and Sandhurst. As a student he can be considered to not conform to the rules thus he is commonly reprimanded. Though this is the case it is the harrow School where he started his military career in 1888 when he joined the Harrow break Corps. He also studied in the Royal Military Academy which took him 3 admission tries to be able to be admitted but graduated raking eighth in class in December 1894. The express achievement earned him a position as Second Lieutenant in the 4th Queens k nowledge Hussars in 1895 (Frenz 1969). Upon further observation though, the young Winston Churchill excelled in a number of fields such as the Literary English and History. Even in sports the said leader is also a fencing champion. Although this is the case, his enthusiasm in studying is below average which can be related to the speech impediment that he possessed. The said difficulty in speaking had not been a hindrance to the achievements that he had accomplished in his career and his life. The said impediment is considered by both(prenominal) groups as stammering and some as lisping. Winston Churchill is married to Clementine Hozier in 1908 with 5 children namely Diana Churchill (1909), Randolph Spencer Churchill (1911), Sarah Churchill (1914), Marigold Frances Churchill (1918, four days after the end of WWI and died in 1921) and Mary Churchill (1922) (Frenz 1969 Mauter 1998).Winston Churchill excelled in a variety of fields, thus, he can be considered as one of the most promine nt characters in modern United Kingdom and the English Region. The ground forces career can be considered as one of the important contribution of W. Churchill on the basis of the fact that he had held essential positions through the short go on in the said discipline. He acquired the position of the Conservative Member of Parliament in the year 1900. In addition, he had been responsible to other essential roles in the Liberal and Conservative governments during the early decades of the century. During WWII, he became First Lord of the Admiralty which is a reappointment from 1911-15. In addition to the said roles, his military career also made him enrol in different events. One of which is the battle in the Northwest Frontier with the Malakand Field

Budgeting issues in criminal justice systems Essay Example for Free

Budgeting issues in criminal justice arrangements EssayOne of the reasons why jails still exist despite overcrowding is the cipher allotted for the criminal justice administration. But the sudden rise in the upshot of prisoners posed a problem when it comes to budgeting. The expression on policies and procedures of correctional facilities ope ordinated by the Multnomah County clearly shows that it has been experiencing monetary shortage due to faulty budgeting. The article shows that it is very dearly-won to accommodate a prisoner, which costs $157/day in Multnomah County. This is expensive compargond to the rate of jail systems in other counties.This was attributed to the labor contracts which resulted to raised labor costs, extraordinarily high medical costs which led to high cost of the overall system in jail, in in effect(p) jail staffing pattern, abuse of sick leave, overtime and compensatory time and increase in the Sheriffs budget. Aside from all of these, the Multn omah County has a very expensive juvenile detention facility. It costs $401/day to accommodate a juvenile. The article further shows that the Sheriffs Office has practiced budgeting techniques which hid the management practices of the organization.This resulted to difficulty of finding appear the different organization functions. Even the district attorneys office has to seek the help of a pecuniary analyst to make sense of the monetary discloseline of the jail system. What the county requires is a program called priority-based budgeting. Each de crack upment of the jail system must(prenominal) present program offers for the county commissioners to fund. However, some of these program offers are rejected. The Sheriffs office has a total of 66 funding program offers that the county commission has approved.The priority-based budgeting was applied so that the commissioners can make an informed decision from an accurate financial picture of the different programs. This enabled the commissioners to be knowledgeable in whether funding or rejecting a particular program. The article concluded that the outside help of a financial consultant was necessary to analyze the Sheriffs costs and budgets. It was noted that it is a natural and actualiseable inclination of a government agency to do the budgeting practices discussed in the article.The DAs office thought that similar practices have been done by other government agencies in the county. It was suggested that the commission should collaborate much with the Sheriff. The county commissioners should understand the operations that they fund so that the problems might not occur again. The workgroup of the jail systems should focus on the Sheriffs cost reporting and budgeting practices so that they can touch on in any decisions to make. The commission should also found a work group that will inspect the jails and report frequently to the commissioners.This work group must consist of representatives from the law enf orcement agencies in the county, the County Chair, the County Commissioner, the United States Attorney, the administrator for the federal facility at Sheridan, representatives from the business community, a representative from the medical community, the Department of corrections, an independent financial analyst and the District Attorney. The law also requires that the county should include the state Department of Corrections in every operation of the local jails.However, whatever responsibilities the Department of Corrections is assigned by the law should not be carried out by the Sheriffs Association. The article strongly advises that a healthy relationship must be established between the county Sheriff and the Board of Commissioners. Any solution to the problems must start from this perspective since all other problems stemmed from a breakdown to that relationship. The other article addressing budgeting issue is titled Will part-time prison land crime or costs? by Nick Morriso n.The article says that British Home secretarial assistant David Blunkett proposed that some inmates be given freedom on weekends to relieve the growing population of prisoners in jails. Those inmates who are dangerous could be provided with electronic tags and they could stay out of jail for a month. They could also work during the week and choke the weekend in jail. Many questioned this proposal whether it is a way to fight the crimes or to cut costs, particularly Norman Brennan, director of the Victims of Crime Trust.He sees this proposal as the governments admission to defeat in solving crimes, even though Blunkett promised to be tough on car-jackers and phone thieves. Brennan thinks that it has to do with money problems and not reducing crime why Blunkett allowed this kind of arrangement for the prisoners. It was hard for the government to spend a lot of money in keeping prisoners. Moreover, Brennan argued that it is more important to keep the prisoners in jails and out of th e streets to protect the victims of crimes and the public, even though it is expensive to do so. Apparently, Blunketts proposal did not make this possible.Criminals were allowed on the loose, and they could strike again since they have freedom. With the growing population of prisoners in jails, Brennan says that the criminal justice system is no longer effective. A crisis in the criminal justice system has to appear before peck do something to answer it. He recognizes that the problems will be harder to solve later on. Even more, there were less police officers on the beat to prevent crimes even though these crimes have been getting worse for many years now. The government also has not done something to shorten crime.He couldnt see how Blunketts proposal could solve any of the problems. Brennan mentions that the country has more people inside prisons than any countries in Europe. He says it is so because there are more crimes here than anywhere else. The government, he adds, has resorted to different measures to solve the rising number of crimes. Sadly, none of these measures worked, and this showed a disgraceful record on crime and law and order. On the other hand, the Howard League for Penal Reform agreed with Blunketts proposal. The spokeswoman says that anything to reduce the prison population is a good thing. She added that the programs set to keep the prisoners with a two or three months term away from their criminal behavior are not often available, thats why they offend the second time after they are released. The article recommends that a community penalty is more effective as a form of punishment for the prisoners than sending them over to prison. The article quotes Brennan recommending that the government should deal with the crimes head on rather than making lots of promises and pledges that it cannot meet. slew should also be aware of these problems and how serious they are so that they can be a part in solving them.Brennan is correct in ap othegm that criminals should be sent to prison whether it is expensive or not. The most important thing to consider here is the protection of the public from these offenders. The government should look more into these problems because this is getting worse every year and it has bad records of crime. The government should also look into the budgeting systems of the federal and local governments. It should consider that budgeting systems can be a part of the ineffective services it offers to the public. Changes in budgeting systems should be an important part in reform.REFERENCESMorrison, Nick. (2002, February 05). Will part-time prison cut crime or costs? Newsquest (North easterly Ltd. , p. 8. functional at http//yukon. actx. edu2083/libweb/curriculum/do/document? set=topicgroupid=1requestid=conquesttopicresultid=48ts=57673F035D3E975120F685A75E3514BA_1187860483640urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B76740234. The Multnomah County District Attorneys Office. (2006). Independe nt review of policies and procedures of correctional facilities operated by the Multnomah County Sheriffs Office. Available at http//www. mcda. us/articles/GJ_CORRECTIONAL_FACILITIES_2006. pdf.

The Execution of the Rosenbergs Essay Example for Free

The Execution of the Rosenbergs EssayDuring the polar contend, Ameri earth-closets drop deadd in a society where the tension amongst the Soviet legal jointure was at its peak in history. It was a time when the hatred against socialism and the idea of nationalism were maturation exponentially. Meanwhile, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for the accusations of helping the Soviets create the nuclear bomb, which was the joined States only advantage over the Soviets. Their arrest eventually led to the source ever execution of espionage in fall in States history. However, the justification of their execution is still existence debated to this day.Did the Rosenbergs deserve much(prenominal) a harsh fourth dimension or was it a misjudgment driven by the fear of communism? The political and social aspects of society for sure directed the fear of communism to overshadow the innocence of the Rosenbergs, making them the most controversial spies in American history. Durin g World War II, m all countries including the Soviet Union were skeptical near the existence of the nuclear bomb. However, afterward the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the strength of the atomic bomb became well-k instantern. It was clear that as long as the linked States had this weapon, no republic would challenge them.This weapon was one of the few advantages the United States had against the Soviet Union going into the Cold War. It was as if the atomic bombs were the United States shield and armor against the Soviet Unions attacks. Meanwhile, the power of communism was steadily rising in Eastern Europe and along with that, the Americans fear of communism was growing in parallel. Communists were demonized demons had no souls no love in their hearts (Garber/Walkowitz 25).The situation called for the blueprint of the atomic bomb to be safely put away from the commies. The U. S. overnment feared that the Soviet spies might get their hands on the secret teaching. However, i t was only a matter of time that the Soviet Union would somehow develop its own atomic bomb as yettually on August 29th 1949, news was reported that the Soviets have successfully tested an atomic bomb in Kazakhstan. Americans were shocked, furious, and frightened. When news came that the Soviets tested a bomb, historic period in the first place it was expected, there were indeed many demagogic calls, in the media and on the stump, to find and severely punish, even execute, the thieves, the traitors (Cohen 49).The American people did non stop to think once that the Soviet Union could have created the atomic bomb with their own power and technology. Most people just assumed that it was through through a work of spies that sold the secret information for money. Therefore, the government did non waste any time to find the person who was responsible for overtaking information about the atomic bomb. The growing fear of communism eventually reached its peak and the government was sta rted taking actions to prevent any acts of espionage. After months of probe by the FBI, Julius Rosenberg was called for questioning.He has previously been in communist groups and there were confessions from the Soviet spies that he was responsible for sending couriers and information from Los Alamos, where the Manhattan project was run. His wife, Ethel Rosenberg, was not accused at first because there was no proof of her activity in any illegal acts. She was only as a full time worker as a secretary and a mother of cardinal kids. However, she was later called for questioning when her b languishher, David Greenglass, was also arrested for espionage. As the investigation went on, the media was starting to heat up and draw national help to the Rosenbergs.The Rosenbergs were to be remembered the biggest scandal makers in U. S. history. As the fear of the Soviet Union grew after their development of the atomic bomb, the U. S. government was not going to let the investigation go smooth ly. After multiple confessions from Soviet spies that Julius Rosenberg was responsible, he was sent to jail. A few months later, the FBI also arrested Ethel Rosenberg with the idea that she might have helped out her husband. The Rosenbergs were eventually both arrested and sent to court under Judge Kaufman.However, there were not enough evidence going into court that the Rosenbergs were legitimately guilty. No documents linking the Rosenbergs with espionage were produced, despite a consummate(a) search of their home by FBI agents, who placed in evidence only a collection can for the Spanish Refugee Appeal, licensed by the City of parvenue York, found in their home (Rosenberg 15). For this reason, the trial took a very long period of time. The only evidences going against the Rosenbergs were that David Greenglass and other Soviet spies have confessed to the Rosenbergs involvement in espionage.But even if there were any acts of espionage by the Rosenbergs, it was later revealed that none of the information that was passed by Julius Rosenberg was even useful in the development of the atomic bomb. If any information that was passed off was not useful, why punish or even kill that person? The trial was just a vicious circle between a couple of American civilians and a political bully that was blinded by war. If there was so much more supporting evidences for the Rosenbergs evidence, why did the United States government kept containing the Rosenbergs? It was all because the U. S. government did not want to seem weak in the eyes of the Soviet Union.Neither country wanted to evidence any weakness and lose the fight like in a boxing match where neither fighter wants to show their signs of fatigue and injury. Both countries seek to look stronger and richer than the other. In turning down Ethels emotional appeals, Eisenhower said repeatedly that we could not appear weak (Cohen 50). The Cold War was changing a chaw of peoples views. Even President Eisenhowers mentali ty shows how much he has lost the patience and the value of human organisms because of the intensity of the war.Eventually on April 4th 1951, the Rosenbergs were sentenced to execution by Judge Kaufman. The last words of Judge Kaufman were cold and unsympathetic. Your crime is worse than murder, for you put into the hands of the Russians the A-bomb years before our best scientists predicted Russia would perfect the bomb has already caused, in my opinion, the Communist aggression in Korea, with the resultant casualties exceeding 50,000 and who knows besides what that millions more innocent people may pay the price of your treason. Indeed, by your betrayal, you undoubtedly have altered the course of history to the disadvantage of our country (Wexley 67).In an important case like this, it is inhering for the judge to consider all the evidence that is brought up in the case, but instead, Judge Kaufman ignored the evidences that supported the Rosenbergs. The judge was under too much secure of President Eisenhower and the American government. Also, many desire that blaming the Rosenbergs for the cause and destructions of the Korean War was way over the top. A crime in that type of scale cannot be proven in court, which makes this trial a scandal more than an actual crime.And yet the Judge stated the unproven crime in the final sentence and considered it in the Rosenbergs execution. Judge Kaufman shoot downd them for the Korean War, and President Eisenhower held them responsible for the slaughter in any possible future nuclear war with the Soviet Union. These extreme accusations were never authenticated and, while there is no law requiring, they should have been (Root 292). There was simply no proof that the Rosenbergs were responsible for all these tragedies. Although they were Americans with communist views, they were only a small percentage of the communist population in the United States during that time period. Also, the United States being involved in t he Korean War was solely the governments decision.Having to say that a future nuclear war is entirely their fault is too much of an overstatement to make on two innocent civilians who were just sentenced to end. Looking back fifty years from now, the media was also very biased and reported false information about the Rosenbergs that had meaning(a) impact on the legal opinion of the close sentence. It is imperative that the true facts be known to all. Sadly, the information in the press and other mass media is not the truth, but instead is a distorted, truncated, myopic aberration of our case.It is clear that the primary use being made of our case is to coerce political dissident, and to secure conformity (Rosenberg 132). That was a quote taken from an actual letter written by Ethel Rosenberg to her husband right before their execution. Telling from the tone of the letter, the Rosenbergs were despaired from the way the media was reporting false information and making the trial ev en harder for them. The media has always been an key factor on political and social issues. Because of the growing fear of communism, the media did not want to promote communism and espionage in any way to the public.As a result, the Rosenbergs were once again victims of the biased society and its false reporting media. The media was not the only influence on the social bias against the Rosenbergs. Many books were published to summon up the Americans anger against the Rosenbergs at that time. For example, there was the book, Betrayers the Rosenberg Case a reappraisal of an American crisis and The Rosenberg Case Fact and Fiction, which was published on the same year of the execution. One of the quotes from the book was Yes.The Rosenbergs case is ended, but the evil that they did is fadeless ( Fineberg 148). If the evil that they did is endless like the author said in his book, there would certainly have been a nuclear war or a World War tercet by today, in the year 2008. However, that is not the case. The Soviet Union was surely to develop the atomic bomb with its own resources and power but all the blame went to the Rosenbergs in this state of affairs. The Rosenbergs were though not all alone through the fight in trial and against the coercion by the politicians.Soon after the remainder sentence by Judge Kaufman, countries all over the world protested the sentence. Seemingly overnight, the whole world rose in protest against the death sentences that had been imposed on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. By then end of the year, there were pro-Rosenberg committees in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland, Israel, and of course- Eastern Europe. ( Radosh/Milton 347) Powerful leaders were forming organizations and committees to convince the United States to set the Rosenbergs free.Also, there were famous individuals who were protesting against the death sentence. Even the main creator of the atomic bomb, Albert Einstein, believed th at the United States government was killing innocent lives in the fight against the Soviet Union. An appeal for executive clemency was sent to the smock house, supported by many prominent Americans, including scientist Albert Einstein, Dr. Harold C. Urey and more than 3,000 clergymen of 26 denominations (Rosenberg 18). This would have had significant support for the Rosenbergs in trial but the media was once again preventing it from happening.These protests were not broadcasted to the public because of the biased media. However, the protests did not end there. Millions of petitions from all over the world were being sent to the White house. The world believed that the Rosenbergs should not end up being political victims of the meaningless war. Millions of people view the refusal of the courts to grant the Rosenbergs relief as an affirmation of our insistence after nearly two years in the death hours that we are political victims of the Cold War (Rosenberg 126).Despite all these pro tests and petitions, the government stuck to their belief that the Rosenbergs deserved the death sentence. But why were the allies of the United States protesting against the United States? Why was the United States not listening to anyone but themselves? Once again, the political leaders of the United States were too blinded by their focus to win the Cold War against the Soviet Union. Realistically, would the Rosenbergs have received the death sentence if they did not live during the Cold War era?They would have certainly received a much brightness level sentence if they lived in todays time period. This was the thought of Dorothy Thompson, a former journalist of Times magazine. Dorothy Thompson has once stated that The death sentence depressed me in 1944 we were not at war with the Soviet Union. Indeed, it is unlikely that had they ( the Rosenbergs) been tried in 1944 they would have received any such sentence (Rosenberg 9). 1944 was certainly that time in history where any act o f espionage was not forgiven by society. If anyone was suspected to be a spy, they would be immediately called to questioning.Historians name to this period as almost like the witch hunt era in Salem driven by McCarthyism, a strong idea of anti-communism that was usual at the time. The massive witch hunt eventually led to the Rosenbergs, which shows that the social aspects during the Cold War era had a biased impact on the ruling of the trial. Behind all the accusations, there was an individual who made the scandal even more controversial. His name was Klaus Fuchs and he was one of the main nuclear scientists that developed the atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project.It is still believed to this day that Klaus Fuchs sold important secrets of the atomic bomb to the Soviets for money. Even history books are being written over again about his betrayal. In England, Klaus Fuchs, the German-born scientist who provided the Soviets with far more accurate and useful information on the ato mic bomb than anything that might have come from the Rosenbergs, got only 14 years (Cohen 48). For someone who obviously provided more information to the Soviet Union, it is certainly not fair that Klaus Fuchs only received 14 years in prison. How did this happen?We can see that Klaus Fuchs was ruled a lighter sentence because he was trialed in England. Although England was our closest ally, they did not see any justification that Klaus Fuchs should receive a sentence of anything more than 14 years. Therefore, just because the Rosenbergs were trialed in the United States, they had to end their lives. 14 years in prison and being electrocuted to death is definitely a large difference one is given a second chance to live and one is put to death. For a certainty, the Rosenbergs would have received a much lighter sentence in England.It is an embarrassment of the court to say that the only justification for Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs death is that they were just at the ruin place at t he wrong time. Another huge controversy of the scandal is the death of Ethel Rosenberg. The reason the scandal is called the Rosenbergs Case is because both Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for being accused of committing the same crime. However, years after the execution, there were a lot of speculations to why Ethel had to suffer the consequences for something her husband was caught doing.It was later revealed that the FBI was using her as a lever to force Julius Rosenberg to confess to his acts of espionage. Hoovers biographer suggests that the Director now regretted the strategy of using Ethel as a lever to induce Julius to confess, and thought that it would be terrible public relations to execute a mother of two young children (Aiuto 5). It became obvious that Ethel Rosenberg did not commit any crime or spied for the Soviet Union. She was only caught up in the accusation because her brother, David Greenglass, and her husband, Julius Rosenberg, were both spies in the pas t.The FBI motto her as a useful tool to threaten her husband also they arrested her along with him. Because of the FBIs cruel and brainless strategy, a mother of two sons had to rot in jail and die on the electric chair. Julius went to his death pale, shaken, but quietly. Ethels execution was to follow, and she walked calmly to the electric chair, gently kissed one of the prison matrons on the cheek, and was electrocuted. However, Ethel was not dead after the first jolt. She had to be electrocuted a second time (Aiuto 11).According to this article, Ethel had to be electrocuted twice before she was killed. The irony of her second electrocution leave behind forever remembered as a symbolism to her evident innocence. Being the first ones in American history to be executed for espionage, the Rosenbergs did not deserve the death sentence. Although they were communists living in the United States, there was no significant evidence that they were responsible for the Soviet Unions ownersh ip of the atomic bomb. They were unfortunate to live in the time period of anti-communism and in the country that was in war with a communist state.In political aspects, the government was only interested in using the Rosenbergs to scare the Soviets and display its strength and power. In social aspects, the media constantly reported false information and the people of America were too biased to believe that the accused communist spies deserved anything less than the death penalty. Many factors played against the trial of the Rosenbergs that led to the unfair trial of the Rosenbergs case but they will be remembered as those who were innocent victims of the Cold Wars political and social defeciency.